sbet Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar: Architect Of India’s Legal Framework

Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar

India's journey toward becoming a sovereign, democratic republic owes greatly to the contributions of the eminent individuals who helped design the Indian Constitution. Among these stalwarts is Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar, a name synonymous with intelligence, legal acumen, and unflinching commitment. Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyersbet, a major member of the Constituent Assembly, helped shape the legislative basis for independent India. Ayyar did not have an active political career and was not involved in India's independence struggle. He was already a full-time advocate and played an important role when he was selected for the Constituent Assembly.

Early life and education

Born on May 14, 1883, in Pudur village, Madras Presidency (now Tamil Nadu), Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar exhibited exceptional intellect from an early age. Despite coming from a modest background, his thirst for knowledge and hard work propelled him to the forefront of academia. He graduated with a law degree from Madras Christian College, where he distinguished himself as a brilliant student. Following his impressive performance, he was appointed as a history tutor later. His academic success laid the foundation for his illustrious career in law.

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He rose to prominence in the Bar and was appointed Advocate-General of Madras State from 1929 to 1944, at the age of 45. He was also appointed Dewan Bahadur in 1930. In 1932, he was knighted in the New Year Honours List. However, he relinquished his knighthood. He was a well-known jurist who was selected for the Government of India's Committee to amend the Partnership and Sale of Goods Act of 1929. Ayyar was very encouraging of emerging lawyers and maintained his library open to the public.

Role in the Constituent Assembly

When the Constituent Assembly of India was formed to draft the Constitution, Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar was an obvious choice. As a member of the Drafting Committee, chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, he made invaluable contributions to the framing of the Constitution. His expertise in constitutional law and his vision for a progressive, inclusive India made him a guiding force in the committee’s deliberations.

He played a crucial role in the Assembly, serving on nine committees, including the Drafting Committee, the Advisory Committee, and the Sub-Committee on Fundamental Rights. He made significant contributions to the debates over citizenship, fundamental rights, and the declaration of emergency. His insights and meticulous work guaranteed that the Constitution matched the nation's different demands while adhering to democratic values.

One of the excerpts of speeches made by him in the constituent assembly says, “The constitution genuinely embodies the spirit of the objectives resolution, with which this Assembly began its work, and the Preamble to the Constitution, which is primarily based on the objectives resolution.”

One of Alladi’s significant contributions was his advocacy for the inclusion of fundamental rights in the Constitution. He emphasized the need to guarantee individual freedoms while maintaining the unity and integrity of the nation. His arguments highlighted the delicate balance between liberty and social justice, a principle that continues to underpin India’s democratic ethos.

Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar is better than me: BR Ambedkar

As the end of the Constituent Assembly approached, Ambedkar paid tribute to Ayyar in his final speech in 1949, saying: “I came into the Constituent Assembly with no larger aim than to protect the interests of the Scheduled Castes. “I had no clue I would be called upon to perform increasingly responsible responsibilities. I was consequently greatly astonished when the Assembly voted me to the Drafting Committee. I was taken aback when the Drafting Committee elected me as its chairman. There were individuals in the Drafting Committee who were bigger, better, and more competent than me, including my friend Sir Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar”.

Ayyar: Visionary Amidst Uncertainty

There is nothing quite like hindsight, and while Ayyar was a visionary, he was also a product of his period. No one knew what India's future would be as a sovereign and democratic republic, or whether it would even survive the myriad of ethnic, caste, and religious diversity that existed throughout this vast territory. Thus, the emphasis is on state security rather than individual liberties.

Nonetheless, Ayyar was a fervent believer that the true test of any Constitution was how it would be applied by regular Indians. Following the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly and in the days leading up to India's first election, Ayyar was ecstatic to see voters flocking to polling booths, as if this democratic experiment had succeeded.

Legacy and impact

After completing his work with the constituent Assembly, he retired from public life. He died on October 3, 1953, leaving a legacy of legal skill and constitutional vision. Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar's life and work serve as enduring testaments to his commitment to justice and democracy. His influence in building India's constitutional framework remains a cornerstone of the country's democratic governance, urging future generations to defend the ideas he so passionately supported.

Alladi Krishnaswamy’s contributions to the Constitution were not limited to legal intricacies; his vision extended to the broader goals of nation-building. His ability to navigate complex legal issues while keeping India’s socio-political realities in mind was unparalleled. The values he championed—justice, equality, and democracy—remain integral to India’s constitutional framework.

In recognition of his contributions, Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar’s name is etched in the annals of Indian history as one of the chief architects of the Constitution. His speeches in the Constituent Assembly reflect his deep commitment to India’s democratic ideals and continue to inspire legal scholars and practitioners.

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